Monday, May 25, 2020

Furlogh 40 gets CAT Control





One of the pleasures of a homebrew rig is that if it doesn't have a feature that you want, you can always add it. So this past weekend I added functionality to the F40 to make it work with Ham Radio Deluxe and other PC programs.  With a properly configured rig, Ham Radio Deluxe makes working DX much easier. It has an integrated DX spot function that lets you see the DX spots on your bands of interest.  If you see a station you would like to work you simply click on the entry and radio tunes to that frequency.  To log a new QSO, its just a couple of clicks and HRD picks up the frequency and mode directly from the rig.  But to do this you need to have a rig that supports some version of the Computer Aided Transceiver (CAT) protocol.   Happily, virtually every modern (and most not-so-modern) commercial rig has CAT capability that let you control most or all of the rigs settings from a PC program like HRD or WSJTX.  But how do you implement CAT control in your homebrew rig?

Enter Pavel Milanes (CO7WT).  Building on earlier work by James Buck (VE3BUX), FT857D arduino Lib, Pavel created the FT857d- CAT Control for Arduino Library (FT857d)

Pavel's library is elegant and straight-forward to add to an existing Ardhino sketch.  It implements the rig control functions that emulates a Yaesu FT857D transceiver.  The library handles all of the communications and protocol handling allow you to connect the Arduino to a PC via USB.

For the technically curious, here is what I had to do to integrate the CAT library in the F40 Sketch:

After installing the library using the Arduino IDE's Sketch -> Add library command. I loaded up the exampl program that Pavel provides and was pleasantly suprised that he had done most of the work,  I had to make a couple of small changes to my main sketch and them modify functions that Pavel provided  function to handle connecting the library to the rig code for things like changing and displaying frequencies and modes,

From my main sketch's setup() rountine I made a call to setupCat() which registers a series of call back functions described below.  Then from the main loop I made a call to checkCat() where all the magic happens.

Following Pavel's example I created a seperate .ino file that connects our particular righ to the FT857d library. It has one function for each CAT command,  We have to supply the working bits to connect it to our rig’s software, for example:

  1. catGoToggleVFOs() is  called when the PC program directs changing VFOS,  This is where we put the code to switch between VFO A and B
  2. catSetFreq(long f) is called to change the active VFO frequency to whatever the PC program wants
  3. catGetFreq() – returns the current active VFO frequency to the PC program so it can display the frequency that the rig is tuned to.
  4. And so on. 

Taking two examples…  here is my code for catGetFreq()

long catGetFreq() {
    // this must return the freq as an unsigned long in Hz, you must prepare it before
    long freq;
    if (active_vfo == VFOA) {
      freq = vfoAfreq-bfo;
    } else {
      freq = vfoBfreq-bfo;
    }
    // pass it away
    return freq;
}

This function is invoked when the PC software wants to know what the current active frequency is – usually to display it in the UI or to use it for logging.

It references the control variable from my main sketch.

  1. active_vfo – is either VFOA or VFOB  (#defines in my main sketch)
  2. vfoAFreq and vfoBfereq are variables that contain the current value of the two VFO settings – with the bfo offset already applied
  3. bfo – is the bfo offset frequency

So all the code does is recover the operating frequency from whichever is the active VFO and return that the cat library.  Pavel’s library will send it back to the PC program for display or logging or whatever.

And here is my code for catSetFreq()

void catSetFreq(long f) {
   //
   // Change the frequency of the current active VFO
   // Clock frequency is the operatingfrequecy plus the BFO 
   // 
   if (active_vfo == VFOA) {
       vfoAfreq=f+bfo;
       setVFO(VFOA, vfoAfreq);
   } else {
       vfoBfreq=f+bfo;
       setVFO(VFOB, vfoBfreq);
   }
}

The CAT library calls this routine when the PC software has issued a command to tune to a new frequency.  All I do here is add the BFO offset to the requested operating frequency and call the setVFO() function in the main sketch which updates the SI5351 clocks and the F40 display.   

So far I have it tested it with Ham Radio Deluxe, WSJTX and FLDIGI, and FLRIG and the get and set frequency routines work fine.  Next step will be to implement software PTT.  

Thanks to James and Pavel for their contribution to the F40. This mod opens up a whole new world of possibilities.  Check this space for progress reports.

I am happy to provide the sketch to anyone interested, but I would like to keep track of who is using it.  Just send an email to KK4DAS@gmail.com.

73 from Great Falls,

Dean

KK4DAS

Wednesday, April 29, 2020

Getting Control of the Furlough 40 and First Week's Log

Adding Controls to the Furlough 40

When I got the Furlough 40 up and running a little over a week ago I was so excited just to make contacts that it didn't bother me that the controls were hanging by wires off the edge of the board, but that got quickly annoying. So it was time to build the control panel.  I decided to keep with the al-fresco look and go with something that more-or-less matched the open, modular construction style.  

The controls consist of:
  • Rotary digital encoder for tuning
  • VFO A/B select mini-toggle
  • USB/LSB mini-toggle
  • MOX mini-toggle put the rig in to transmit
  • Tone - momentary switch to trigger a 10 second tune tone
  • Power button (push on/off, not installed yet)
In keeping with the "Home Depot Homebrew Chic" esthetic, I went with 1/8" aluminum angle stock for the panel.  Having none in the shop and while out on my pre-planned weekly social-distancing grocery run, I stopped in at Home Depot to pick some up along with various screws and a carbide tipped saw blade for my miter saw to make it easy to cut the aluminum stock.

As an aside - this rig is so inexpensive to build that I spent more on the saw blade than all the parts of the rig combined.
Here is a hint - knobs, switches and an assortment of electronic parts can be purchased from Marlon P. Jones - MPJA.COM.  I purchased a pack of 5 knobs for $3 - the knobs are good quality with brass shaft screws - and they have flat rate shipping.

A couple of minutes with graph paper and pencil and I had the layout.  The new saw blade made short work of cutting the angle stock to size.  Carbide tipped drill bits in the drill press and ample WD-40 and I had the holes cut.  The labels are from my trusty Brother P-Touch - I need to get some clear label tape, but for now, the white will do. The whole effort - including trip to the store took about 3 hours. Still to do:
  • Mount the display using angle brackets
  • The right hand side - audio level knob, mic and speaker jacks
The rig is a pleasure to use now. The tune tone is a terrific feature added by N6QW, Pete Juliano, the designer of the rig. It puts an 988 Hz 1/2 duty cycle tone directly in to the microphone input. This is great, not only as a tune-up tone, but it replaces the need for an external signal generator to put a known signal into the rig for testing. I found out, as Pete advised, that I needed to unplug the mic first - other wise you are feeding the audio in to the mic which turns the mic into a speaker.  I am guessing that is not good for the mic element.  

***

Furlough 40 First Week Contacts

This is the first week's log - I don't have much time to work the rig in the morning and evening hours when 40 meters is wide open, but even so I am very happy with the results.  There are a few contacts with local club members but the rest are a result of me answering CQs - all good contacts with call signs and signal reports exchanged at a minimum. Responses varied from "Wow! Three watts? Amazing!" to "sound like 3 watts :(".   The distance ranges from 250 miles to nearly 800 miles on a maximum of 3 watts.  From my QTH in Great Falls, VA near Washington, DC I am doing well up and down the east coast and in to the mid-west.  Only DX so far are two Canadian stations.

I even made my first digital contact with my friend Don, KM4UDX on his uBitx.  Using FLDIGI - for receive, I hooked the speaker out directly in to the PC mic input and for transmit I held the mic up near the laptop.  To make this easier I'll need to add 3.5mm mic jack to the rig and decide how I want to enable PTT.  Pete has a simple USB hardware digital interface that I may build or I might go all-in and port the CAT control implementation from the uBitx firmware for full integration with digital and logging software. 

Furlough 40 - First Digital QSO

That's all for now - for the next post we will go back to the beginning and document the build board by board.  Please subscribe, like, follow, share and tell your friends.

73 from Great Falls,

Dean
KK4DAS



Friday, April 24, 2020

Furlough 40 Hears the World



I'm still working on tuning up the transmit side of the transceiver to see if I can get a little closer to designer N6QW, Pete Juliano's 5 watt specification, but in the meantime I decided to checkout the performance of the receiver.

I ran a weak signal propagation receive test overnight to see how well the receiver is working.  The image all the stations I heard over about 12 hours.  I'm located in Northern Virginia, just outside of Washington DC and I heard stations from Australia and New Zealand. This is a pretty sensitive receiver! Kudo's to Pete for the terrific design.

If you haven’t checked out WSPR,  it is one of the digital modes that I like.  It uses signal processing software from Nobel Prize winning Princeton physicist Joe Taylor.  It is a great way to analyze your station’s reach both in receive and transmit.

The software is available here - https://physics.princeton.edu/pulsar/K1JT/wsjtx.html 

The same software also supports FT8 and other weak signal digital modes. 

The only thing I needed to do to use the software on receive was plug the rig’s phone output into the mic input on the laptop and tune the rig to the 40 meter WSPR frequency on upper side band.  The software does all the work.  Its time based, so you PC’s clock needs to be sync’d pretty close to internet time. 

All stations that run WSPR have the option of uploading the signals they hear to WSPRnet.org, and the WSPRnet database is open and searchable.   The web site I used to produce the map is at http://wspr.vk7jj.com/.  If you use WSPR you should check it out - this is just one of many tools to allow to check your rig's performance,  test new antennas, and so on.  I let WSPR run in receive mode over night and looked at the results this morning.

In order to test how well I am getting out on transmit I need to get some sort of keying control built for the rig – either through integrating CAT control into my Arduino control program – or using serial port keying through a USB interface.  So, in addition to tuning up the transmit circuits, this will be one of my next projects.

73 from Great Falls
Dean
KK4DAS

Tuesday, April 21, 2020

Furlough 40 - First Ragchew - Homebrew to Homebrew

As promised -

Here is the first extended QSO of the Furlough 40 (and the 4th contact ever).  As a reminder the Furlough 40 is a 100% homebrew transceiver based on the SimpleSSB designed by N6QW, Pete Juliano and built by me - with much coaching from Pete and occasional help and advice from my brother Chris, W6CS.  Both of them are in California and I am in Virginia - so a first QSO with either of them was not in the cards.  When I scheduled this QSO I had no idea if I would be heard at all.

This QSO is with my friend Don, KM4UDX. What makes it even better is that I worked Don on his highly customized, homebrew enhanced uBitx, with which has taken Don to the top of the WSPRNet leader board.  Homebrew to homebrew.

So this was great fun. Have a look and a listen:



Coaxing the rig to life board by board has been a great experience.  Pete's guidance was to build one module at a time, starting with the audio amplifier and that forms the test bed for the next module. That proved to be great advice when debugging the latter stages. I was warned by my other Elmer, N2CQR, Bill Meara that when I got to the final amplifier I would be entering "a world of woe" and it did take a week or so to shake out - with each day starting out with a promise that "this will be the day..." and each evening ending with "perhaps tomorrow..."  But gradually the bugs got fixed, the errors corrected and the rig is on the air.

The rig is on the air but not finished.  Next step will  be going through the modules board by board to see if I can get closer to Pete's 5 watt specification.  And then there are a few final touches I need to complete.  I need wire up the tune circuit add a few more controls and build a proper front panel.  And at some point think about moving it to an enclosure - or maybe not.

But at the moment, I don't want to touch a thing!

As a Scoutmaster of many years I frequently had to remind my Scouts to take a moment and look back at the mountain they had just climbed.  This picture with the storied Michigan Mighty Mite, a 7 component first homebrew project,  was taken exactly four months ago on December 22, 2019



Testing the Michigan Mighty Mite - 4/22/2019
73 from Great Falls,
Dean
KK4DAS

Sunday, April 19, 2020

Furlough 40 First Contact



It has been nearly a month since the completion of the receiver beginning to build the transmit modules.  I am super excited that this morning I had my first two confirmed QSOs.  I was putting out just over 2 watts of RF magic and confirmed two contacts in Ontario - about 400 miles from here. 

Furlough 40 First Contact - Thanks to Garry VE3XN! 
In the last month I have built the three final modules to enable the transmitter.  The second stage amplifier / TX Driver, the IRF 510 based final amplifier and the 40 meter low pass filter. Note the fancy brass home-brew heat sink on the TX Driver, courtesy of the plumbing department at Home Depot.  As a reminder, this is my build of N6QW, Pete Juliano's Simple SSB Transceiver and inspired by N2CQR, Bill Meara and Pete's Soldersmoke Podcast


Furlough 40 TX Driver, Final Amp and Low Pass Filter
There is a tremendous amount of tribal knowledge in Pete's design and I'm really please I went with it for my first transceiver project, because I really, really needed that tribal knowledge to get the rig built.  There are things that a first-time homebrewer like me would never think about, like cutting the drain pin off the IRF 510 and using the tab to connect.  And using the entire PCB as the heat sink for the transistor. And Pete has been an amazing Elmer, coach, nag and grief counselor when things didn't go quite right - like when I sacrificed the IRF 510 while over exuberantly trying to coax an extra watt out of the not-quite-ready-for-prime-time-rig. The good news was, due to Pete's excellent circuit layout, it only took about 10 minutes to replace the dead transistor.


The sacrificial IRF 510 - IRF, I hardly knew ye!


I didn't get to video of the first few contacts but I will make one in the next few days so you can see the performance.   In the meantime, here is the final pre-air transmit test.



The trace shows flat-topping which means I needed to back off on the microphone gain.  After I made that adjustment the output dropped to about one watt. I tried to compensate by increasing the bias on the final and I pushed just a little too hard - at about 4.75V DC on the bias, the IRF 510 gave up the ghost.  With a little more advice from Pete I managed to get everything more-or-less aligned and am now getting 2-3 watts of output pretty consistently.  

Next step will be optimizing each module to see if I can get the output up to the 5 watt design spec.

73 from Great Falls
Dean
KK4DAS




Tuesday, March 24, 2020

Dean KK4DAS's "Furlough 40" SSB Rig


Introducing the "Furlough 40" scratch-built SSB rig:





Greetings!

I know this is beginning in the middle and the best time to plant a tree was 10 years ago, but here goes...

I'm Dean, KK4DAS.  I 've been a licensed ham for about a year and a half, although amateur radio has been part of my life forever.  My Dad, Vic W6MYE/SK was a ham for most of his adult life - at least 60 years (my age now) and it is one of the ways  I will always remember him.  My brother Chris, W6CS has been a ham fore many years and I was very happy that he and I could share the hobby with Dad.  I'm sure I'll write more about that over time, but today I have some exciting news to share.


Inspired by Bill Meara, N2CQR and Pete Juliano, N6QW, the Wizard of Newbury Park, and the Soldersmoke Podcast, for the last eight or nine months I have been on a homebrew journey that has led to the completion of the receiver side of a 100% scratch-built 40 Meter SSB Transceiver.  I've been working on it since January and thinking about it even longer.  The design I selected, after advice from Bill and Pete, was Pete's SimpleSSB Transceiver.  It is a wonderfully elegant design that uses 10 common transistors total - which one of the reasons Pete calls it "simple".  It was far from simple for me -  I should tell you that the most complicated electronic project I had built up to that time was a Michigan Mighty Mite, 7 component, crystal controlled, CW transmitter, which I actually got on the air and Bill was kind enough to blog about. I'll talk more about that project in a later post.  Although I have a technical background, it is largely in computer software and networking. I've been building and delivering complex software systems all of my adult life.  But electrical engineering was not my thing.  W6CS is an electrical engineer, but I am strictly a software guy. Until now...

I am proud to unveil the "Furlough 40" SSB rig, christened in honor of the fact that the current crisis afforded me some stay-at-home time to get the rig finished.



My original goal was to be ready by June, but circumstances have allowed me accelerate that schedule considerably. I've been documenting the project along the way and after today I will back up and tell you a little about the journey.

For the more technically minded the rig is a 40 Metter SSB phone transceiver.  The rig is controlled by an Arduino Nano microcontroller driving an SI 5351 clock generator for the LO and the BFO.  The IF is at 9 MHz utilizing a crystal filter purchased from the GQRP Club.  The IF is bi-directional as is the RF amplifier with relays switching between transmit and receive.  It uses two ADE-1 double balanced mixers and the bi-directional amplifiers are Pete's implementation of the Plessy amplifier design from "Experimental Methods in RF Design."  I'm building the rig in modules, per the sage advice of Bill and Pete, and testing as I go. Each working module can be used the test the next module.  The construction style is nearly 100% Manhattan style - save for the Aarduino and SI-5351.

Thanks to Bill for all of his support and thanks, especially, to Pasta Pete Juliano, master Italian Chef and the true wizard of Newbury Park.  Pete continues to patiently answer my questions and guide me through testing each module as it was completed, and gently providing encouraging instruction when I veered too far left or right from plan - even to the point of sending me a hand-drawn sketch of the bottom view of a N2219A transistor so I would know, always, how to wire it in correctly in the future.

More later, but for now - best 73s from Great Falls, VA

Dean
KK4DAS